Summary and opinion of women study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary and opinion of women study - Essay Example However, that equality drops quickly in social settings. When a woman goes into an automotive store, the salesman treats her as if a child. Sports, especially male sports, are still off limits to women. Mixed Olympic wrestling, MMA, and other sports are still male only clubs. Some might argue that women are not physically capable of these sports. However, Chyna, Serena and Venus Williams, and other women are more physically capable than men. The problem is men do not want to women to cross over into certain areas. NASCAR is a perfect example. Many owners do not want to sponsor a woman. Thus women tend to stay away from these areas. Women, especially minority women, are discriminated against. These women will take any job to help their families. Women with large families are discriminated against, married or not. Taunts are directed at these women of ‘Don’t you know what causes that?’ or ‘You can’t take care of what you have.’ It is assumed that a woman with many children have a number of fathers for these children. The man needs to be held accountable as well. A mother is normally responsible for any children. Unwed fathers do not face the stigma of an unwed mother. Popular Culture tends to portray the mother or sex symbol. Ordinary women are overlooked. Hollywood ads and movies are not made about the Eleanor Roosevelts of the world. Instead June Cleaver, Roseanne, Jennifer Aniston, and so forth are promoted. Single women with power do not gain ratings. Men, on the other hand, do not age. They can still be stars long after their middle age. A woman rarely makes it past her fifties in popular culture. Rape and violence against women is a major problem in America. Husbands killing wives are in the news. Scott Peterson, Drew Peterson (no relation), and others capture the headlines. Rape in many forms is still present. The violent rape is bad, but date rape leaves a woman devastated. The power that a

NaOH Standardization and Titration of an Unknown Organic Acid Essay Example for Free

NaOH Standardization and Titration of an Unknown Organic Acid Essay NaOH Standardization and Titration of an Unknown Organic Acid Overview: Methods for counting the number of molecules in a sample is a major emphasis of laboratory work. In this experiment we will use the method of titration to count the number of acid molecules in a solution. Measuring mass is a relatively easy procedure to do in the lab (although a balance is expensive). Counting the number of particles requires more effort. Molecular counting can be done by setting an unknown amount of a substance equal to a known amount of substance. In the titration we will perform in lab this week, you will add OH ions to solution until they are equivalent to the number of H+ ions in solution. The point at which this mole equivalency occurs is known as the equivalence point. An indicator in the solution will change color to signal that the equivalence has been reached (actually, the indicator responds to the slightest excess of OH ions). The color change in a titration is called the endpoint. At the equivalence point of the titration, the moles of OH (base) are equivalent to the moles of H+ (acid) in the sample. The moles of OH added to the solution from a buret are calculated from the concentration of the base (MOH) and the volume of base (VOH) added, as: V (L) n (mol) Lmol MOH OH OH The lab goal is to determine the molar mass of an unknown monoprotic acid. The grams of acid are determined from weighing the acid and the moles are determined from the titration with NaOH. Because it is a monoprotic acid, the moles of acid are equal to the moles of OH at the endpoint of the titration. n (mol) n (mol) OH acid Standardization of NaOH: Last week in lab you prepared a NaOH solution with an approximate concentration of 0.1 M. The first task is to determine the exact concentration of that solution by titrating the NaOH against a known amount of acid. The known amount of acid you will use comes from dissolving the solid acid potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP, FW = 204.2212 g/mol) in 25 mL of H2O. KHP is a large organic molecule, but can be viewed simply as a monoprotic acid. The titration of the KHP with NaOH can be express by the chemical reaction: OH (aq) + KHP(aq) H2O + KP (aq) To standardize (determine the concentration of) your NaOH solution Lmol you will measure volume of NaOH required to reach the titration endpoint. At the equivalence point the moles of NaOH are equivalent to the moles of KHP titrated. n (mol) n (mol) NaOH KHP .Before you titrate a KHP sample, begin with a practice titration of 25 mL of a 0.1 M HCl solution with your NaOH. A  practice titration is a good way to begin any titration. It lets you know the approximate concentration of your NaOH solution and the behavior of the indicator at the endpoint. Prepare a buret with your NaOH solution. Recall how you clean the buret first with DI water and then rinse the buret with about 10 mL of your NaOH solution. Drain the rinse NaOH into a large waste beaker at your lab bench. Finally, fill your buret with NaOH,. Be sure to fill the tip of the buret before you use it and make sure there are no bubbles in the tip. With your graduated cylinder measure approximately 25 mL of 0.1M HCl. Record the exact volume you use. Add the HCl to an erlenmyer flask and add three drops of phenolphthalein indicator. Titrate the acid solution with the NaOH. Place the erlenmyer flask under the buret on a white sheet of paper (or towel). Remember to make an initial volume reading before you begin. You should need nearly the same volume of base as you have acid for this titration, because the molarities of each are similar. You can titrate quickly at first, but as you get near the endpoint slow your titrating. Small amounts of titrant can be added by quickly rotating the buret stopcock one revolution as you approach the end point. Even smaller quantities of a single drop can be added as you approach the end point. Remember this is only practice. Don t spend a lot of time on this step. After you have reached the endpoint, the lightest pink color that will persist for 20 seconds, show this solution to your TA. Anything past light pink indicates a solution with excess OH and you will be over counting the moles of acid in solution. After this practice titration, refill your buret, dump your titrated solution down the drain, and rinse your glassware with DI water. Standardization of NaOH with KHP: Prepare a solution with a known number of moles of acid, by weighing exactly, approximately 0.5 grams of the solid acid KHP in a weigh boat. (Do not add KHP to the weigh boat while on the balance!) Add the weighed acid to a large erlenmyer flask. If any of the KHP remains on the weigh boat use your squirt bottle to rinse all of the KHP into the erlenmyer flask. Dissolve the acid in approximately 30 mL of water the exact amount does not matter. Add four drops of phenolphthalein indicator. Titrate the KHP acid solution with the NaOH. Place the erlenmyer flask under the buret on a white sheet of paper (or towel). Remember to make an initial volume reading before you begin. If not all of the KHP is dissolved, you can still begin the titration. Just make sure that all the  KHP is dissolved before you reach the titration endpoint. The first titration is always the most difficult because you do not know how carefully you need to add the titrant. In this case, you should be able to add 15 mL of NaOH without passing the endpoint. As you are adding your initial amounts of NaOH,notice the pink color of the indicator right as the NaOH enters the solution. As the pink color begins to persist, slow the titration down. Do not let the buret go below 50 mL during the titration. If you get close to 50 mL, stop the titration, record the volume of the buret and then refill the buret and continue to titrate. The end point of the titration occurs when the solution is the lightest pink color that will persist for 20 seconds. It is very likely that you will overshoot the endpoint on your first try. Don t let this worry you. Record the final volume on the buret. At the equivalence point, you have added the exact number of moles of OH as there were moles of acid initially. The moles of acid (monoprotic) you can determine from the mass of the acid and its molar mass (KHP = 204.2212 g/mol). Before you continue, calculate the approximate concentration of your NaOH solution. Perform a second titration of KHP with NaOH. Weigh and dissolve another 0.5 g sample of KHP and dissolve it in a clean erlenmyer flask. The flask can be wet inside. Why can the Erlenmyer flask be wet when sample is added, but the buret must be carefully rinsed with the solution that will eventually be dispensed? Refill your buret with NaOH and titrate the new KHP sample to its pink endpoint. Do not forget to make an intial buret reading, add indicator and not go past 50 mL on the buret. After the titration, calculate the concentration (molarity) of your NaOH solution. Titrate a third KHP sample with the intent of obtaining a third measurement of your NaOH solution concentration. After tititrating the third sample, calculate the NaOH concentration and compare all three calculations of the NaOH concentrations. If the three measurements of the concentration are the same to within 0.02 M, you may conclude that the concentration of your NaOH is the average of these three measurements. If you have accomplished this precision in your standardization of NaOH, continue to the titration on an unknown acid. If any of the measured NaOH concentrations are more than 0.02 M, you should perform a fourth standardization titration, using another 0.5 g sample of KHP. After examining the four concentration of NaOH, determine if any one concentration is suspect as either too large or too small. You  can do this by inspection. However, there are statistical tests (Student T-tests) that will calculate if a data point is an outlier. If we ever team teach this course with Math140 we will use the student T-test at this point. For now, if three concentrations are within 0.02 M then average these three concentrations as the NaOH concentration. If you still don t have three measurements within 0.02 M of each other, perform a fifth standardization with a new sample of KHP. Obtain the NaOH concentration from the fifth titration and average all five measurements to obtain an average NaOH concentration.Titration of an Unknown Acid to Determine Molar Mass: The units of molar mass are g/mol. This intensive property is the ratio of two extensive properties, as is shown in the figure below. To determine the molar mass of your unknown acid, you will perform the titration of the unknown acid in the same way you performed the titration of KHP. Obtain from your TA an unknown acid sample vial. Write your unknown number in your notebook. This sample vial contains two samples of your unknown acid. Weigh the vial and all its contents. Add half of the acid to a clean erlenmyer flask. Reweigh the sample vial to determine how much acid you will be titrating in Trial # 1. Note: There are only two samples of your unknown available. Exercise caution while titrating. Treating the unknown acid in the same way as the KHP sample, titrate to the endpoint and calculate the moles of NaOH require to reach the endpoint. From the mass and mole measurements of the unknown acid, determine the molar mass of the unknown acid. Clean your glassware and repeat the titrtation on the second sample of unknown acid. To report the molar mass of the acid, take an average of the two molar mass measurements. Report the uncertainty as half of the difference between the two mass measurements (ex. if Trial # 1 gives a mass of 240 g/mol and Tiral # 2 gives 256 g/mol the average should be reported as 248 8 g/mol). Before you leave the lab, clean your buret with distilled water then place it upside down in the buret clamp with the stopcock open. All solutions can be placed down the sink. Return your unknown vial to your TA. Finally, turn in your blue notebook pages

Clozapine :: Drugs Science Medical Psychology Essays

Clozapine Clozapine is an atypical anti-psychotic medication that acts as an antagonist (a drug that blocks the effects of a neurotransmitter), thus producing an inhibitory effect, at a variety of neurotransmitter receptors in the brain. The exact site and action by which Clozapine produces its therapeutic effects is difficult to locate due to the complexity of its interactions with several neurotransmitters. It is believed that the two key neurotransmitters that Clozapine interacts with are serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA), particularly at 5-HT2, D2, and D4 receptors (Brenner, H.D., BÃâ€"ker, W., Genner, R., 2001). Serotonin is a biogenic amine derived from tryptophan that generally produces inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (meaning that it causes hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic cell membrane).Functions of serotonin include regulation of sleep and emotions. Dopamine is a monoamine catecholamine derived from the amino acid tyrosine. Receptors that bind dopamine are termed dopaminergic. Dopamine is one of the principal modulatory neurotransmitters in the brain and may have inhibitory or excitatory effects depending upon the response of the postsynaptic receptor (King, www.indstate.edu). Clozapine also has effects at muscarinic M1 receptors, adrenergic receptors, cholinergic receptors, and histamine receptors (Brenner, et al). There are many disputed theories of the biological causes of schizophrenia. One of the most prominent ideas is the "dopamine hypothesis." The dopamine hypothesis attributes hyperdopaminergic function, meaning an excess of dopamine at certain synapses, as a possible cause of schizophrenia (Fann, W.E., Karacan, I., Pokorney, A.D., & Williams, R.L., 1978). Dopamine systems arise from two primary midbrain clusters, the ventral tegmental area and the substantia nigra which have discrete projections to mesolimbic, mesocortical, and striatal regions of the brain. The neurochemical anatomy of dopamine differs in cortical and striatal regions, and it appears that dopamine concentration, receptor regulation, and D2 receptor density varies greatly between striatal and extrastriatal regions (Jones, & Pilowsky, 2002). It is supposed that the therapeutic actions of antipsychotic drugs are exerted via the mesolimbic and mesocortical dopamine pathways in the brain (Hyman et. al., 1995). According to the dopamine hypothesis for schizophrenia, limbic D2 receptor blockade is essential for a drug to have antipsychotic activity. It is believed that the therapeutic actions of antipsychotic drugs are exerted via the mesolimbic and mesocortical dopamine pathways in the brain by acting as D2 receptor antagonists (Hyman et al.)Without exception, effective antipsychotic drugs have at least some degree of antagonism of the dopamine D2 receptors. (Breier, A., Tran, P. Clozapine :: Drugs Science Medical Psychology Essays Clozapine Clozapine is an atypical anti-psychotic medication that acts as an antagonist (a drug that blocks the effects of a neurotransmitter), thus producing an inhibitory effect, at a variety of neurotransmitter receptors in the brain. The exact site and action by which Clozapine produces its therapeutic effects is difficult to locate due to the complexity of its interactions with several neurotransmitters. It is believed that the two key neurotransmitters that Clozapine interacts with are serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA), particularly at 5-HT2, D2, and D4 receptors (Brenner, H.D., BÃâ€"ker, W., Genner, R., 2001). Serotonin is a biogenic amine derived from tryptophan that generally produces inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (meaning that it causes hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic cell membrane).Functions of serotonin include regulation of sleep and emotions. Dopamine is a monoamine catecholamine derived from the amino acid tyrosine. Receptors that bind dopamine are termed dopaminergic. Dopamine is one of the principal modulatory neurotransmitters in the brain and may have inhibitory or excitatory effects depending upon the response of the postsynaptic receptor (King, www.indstate.edu). Clozapine also has effects at muscarinic M1 receptors, adrenergic receptors, cholinergic receptors, and histamine receptors (Brenner, et al). There are many disputed theories of the biological causes of schizophrenia. One of the most prominent ideas is the "dopamine hypothesis." The dopamine hypothesis attributes hyperdopaminergic function, meaning an excess of dopamine at certain synapses, as a possible cause of schizophrenia (Fann, W.E., Karacan, I., Pokorney, A.D., & Williams, R.L., 1978). Dopamine systems arise from two primary midbrain clusters, the ventral tegmental area and the substantia nigra which have discrete projections to mesolimbic, mesocortical, and striatal regions of the brain. The neurochemical anatomy of dopamine differs in cortical and striatal regions, and it appears that dopamine concentration, receptor regulation, and D2 receptor density varies greatly between striatal and extrastriatal regions (Jones, & Pilowsky, 2002). It is supposed that the therapeutic actions of antipsychotic drugs are exerted via the mesolimbic and mesocortical dopamine pathways in the brain (Hyman et. al., 1995). According to the dopamine hypothesis for schizophrenia, limbic D2 receptor blockade is essential for a drug to have antipsychotic activity. It is believed that the therapeutic actions of antipsychotic drugs are exerted via the mesolimbic and mesocortical dopamine pathways in the brain by acting as D2 receptor antagonists (Hyman et al.)Without exception, effective antipsychotic drugs have at least some degree of antagonism of the dopamine D2 receptors. (Breier, A., Tran, P.

HR Management Essay

Innovation is identified as one of the viable ways of ensuring a sustainable competitive advantage for organisations in the modern highly competitive global market economy. Innovative practices in an organisation are solely dependent on the skills, qualifications and objective commitment of the company workforce towards the underlying goals of the organisation (Korman & Kraut, 1999, p. 31). This dictates for the recruitment, training and retention of the best and reliable employees in any organisation. Still, another important practice for ensuring innovative strategic practices in organisation is by ensuring the implementation of an effective employee engagement policy (Tyson, 2006, p. 41). Such serve to promote the commitment and thus the productive ability of the employees to the firm. Therefore, since human resource management services the purpose of recruiting, training, and retaining as well as motivating employees, it has a key role to play in developing innovative strategic practices in order to contribute to organisational performance in today’s rapidly changing economy. This essay will identify some ways in which human resource management can engage in enhancing innovative practices in the company. In order to ensure the sustainable realisation of innovative strategies in an organisation, human resource management should engage in recruiting skilled and qualified workforce for the organisation (Jackson & Schuller 1996, p. 51). It has been sufficient established that new employees bring with them new ideas into the organisation. Therefore, as an important role by the human resource department to conduct employee recruitment, it should ensure a free and fair recruitment process that is based on qualification and individual personality compatibility to the set corporate ethical conduct of conduct in the company. Another important practice by the human resource management department is to engage in effective employee training programmes which are reflective of the underlying competitive needs of the organisation (Storey & Sisson 2000, p. 8). Marketplace demands are evidently changing constantly just as technologies and innovative products are flooding the market. All these are creating new loopholes for stiff competition in the market economy. Due to this reason, human resource management is charged with the responsibility of ensuring that employees in the various company departments are equipped with the knowledge necessary to act more competitively against those of other competing organisations (Ulrich, Husel id, & Becker 2001, p. 73). Due to the importance of engaging employees in training programs based on informed decisions, which are reflective of the market demand, human resource management should be on the forefront in studying, qualifying, and quantifying the constant swings in the market trend (Tyson 2006, p. 38). This makes an effective human resource management practice more than just striving to ensure a productive workforce for the organisation. Another important aspect for the realisation of effective employee training is devoted involvement of the human resource in influencing the decision making process in the organisation (Carroll, Gupta, & Martell, 1996, p. 3). This aids in persuading the company management in appreciating the need and thus factoring enough company resources for executing employee training programs. Still, it has been evidently claimed that the human resource management should endeavour in identifying skills and talents among the various employees of the organisation (Carroll, Gupt a, & Martell 1996, p. 21). Just to be appreciated here is the fact that not all qualified members of the workforce have the reliable innovative and leadership skills required for sustaining the competitive advantage of the organisation in the marketplace. Therefore, training programmes in the organisation should only be prioritised for the highly talented workforce. Retention of employees is another important human resource management practice for promoting sustainable innovative strategic practices in an organisation (Korman, & Kraut 1999, p 46). The loss of reliable employees in an organisation is found to impact negatively on the sustainable competitive advantage of the organisation. This is closely attributed to two reasons. First is the high costs incurred by the organisation in nurturing their skills. The second reason is the fact that the company risks loosing its business secrets to their competitors (Korman, & Kraut 1999, p. 49). It is due to this reason why employee engagement remains an important function of human resource management as it enhances employee fulfilment and thus retention. To realise constant innovative practices in the organisation, human resource managers should be more of leaders than managers. By so doing they motivate and inspire the workforce to engage in innovative activities as well as providing suggestions on possible solutions to challenges affecting the organisation (Storey & Sisson, 2000). Another important practice for human resource management is ensuring effective organisational succession practices. This is crucial in ensuring sustainable continuation of the innovative strategic practices in the organisation, a factor that helps in realising and sustaining a competitive business advantage for the organisation in the marketplace. In conclusion, human resource management is the most important function for realising a practical long term innovative strategic practices in a company. The HR is responsible for recruiting, nurturing, and retaining skilled and talented workforce for the organisation (Storey & Sisson, 2000). To achieve this, human resource management should engage in conducting recruitments and employee training programmes based on the competitive market demands of the time. On the question of employee retention, human resource managers should act like employee leaders to inspire innovation while enhancing openness among employees to identify and resolve any eminent problems. This enhances employee commitment in executing company objectives.

Htc Introduction Essay

HTC quickly emerged on the smartphone scene with the remarkable success of The Sense, one of its first models, and broke many industry sales records. People were asking, â€Å"Who is HTC? † Our research indicates that HTC’s rapid rise to success was because of innovation and technological capabilities. Even though the HTC brand was not widely recognized, its smartphones were generating interest. In our primary research, we discovered that some people owned an HTC phone but did not know that HTC was the manufacturer. Obviously, brand awareness was relatively low. For HTC to stay relevant in the hypercompetitive smartphone industry, it needs serious revamping of its marketing plan. With smartphone market penetration increasing to more than 20 percent in the past five years and reaching 46. 8 percent in Q3 2011, HTC has tremendous opportunities to establish a solid market position. After examining the market conditions and current HTC performance in the U. S. , our team proposes that HTC position itself as a technological leader by targeting consumers ages 18 to 34. This promising segment has potential sales of $2. 5 million. We analyzed the industry and examined external factors that could impact HTC’s bottom line. This analysis gave us crucial insight into the smartphone market. We also analyzed the competitive environment that includes Apple, Motorola, and RIM (Blackberry). HTC, which has a positive reputation on the merits of its technology, needs to boldly differentiate itself in the marketplace. Through market analysis, we discovered that HTC has a strong market size, market potential, and distinct target markets. We recommend that HTC take specific steps through segmenting, targeting, and positioning to execute its marketing plan. We are confident that our plan can increase HTC’s market share by 2 percent each year. By the end of 2012, our marketing objective is to reach a 24 percent market share of the smartphone industry, which equals 18. 7 million HTC customers. The plan includes recommendations and precautions at distribution channels so that HTC differentiates itself from the other brands. We developed a budget for the marketing plan and devised procedures to monitor each effort in order to reach our projected market share increase. We are confident that our marketing plan can take HTC from an emerging brand to a dominant market leader.

Gun Violence in USA

Gun Violence in USA Introduction Several debates have been raised on the efficiency of the existing gun control laws in the United States. The Newtown school shooting incident evolved the gun violence debate causing a public uproar to review the gun control laws currently in enforcement in the United States.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Gun Violence in USA specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While it is a personal responsibility to treat human life with dignity, a legal challenge is invariantly faced by the state whether to impose stringent measures on gun control or establish the social root on the emergence of these deviant conducts like the Connecticut shooting. One fact however is that there’s need to establish proper legal mechanisms to provide a perfect framework in controlling the handling of guns by the citizens. It is the interest of this paper to analyze some of the options the nation could explore with a view to improv ing the efficacy of the already existing gun laws. (Roleff 401)This would in turn, reduce the civilian deaths arising from gun violence in the US.  Societies with reckless gun laws bear the brunt of humongous and intense socio – economic pressures. Civilian mortality leads to loss of craftsmanship and pressure on the existing health facilities. Inability to keep the weapons in the right hands has led to immense civilian deaths; the uncontrolled gun use has also led to sharp increase in criminal activities thus posing challenges for various federal governments. It is thus important to underscore the significance of enforcing gun control measures.(Haerens 244) Banning the sale of firearms to citizens Firearms in the wrong hands are indeed very disastrous. A good percentage of the shooting incidences in the US are as a result of wrong people handling firearms. Most states in the United States have strict laws regulating the carrying and or ownership of firearms. However, the r esults of such controls have not been fruitful enough in curbing the mortality arising from gun vehemence. Most federal states allow guns to be sold to the general public. However, the state performs the regulatory function. In states like Arkansas, citizens are allowed to purchase and carry firearms but under maximum supervision from the state. Other states allow gun purchase to the citizens thus exposing other non holders to abuse by those who own guns. In my view, I strongly oppose the sale of guns to the citizens irrespective of their place in the social ladder; the sale of guns should be completely eliminated or abolished.  Various states have adopted their own modes of enforcing gun control laws, most of these states, however, allow the sale and ownership of firearms if important documentation is pursued, however, in my opinion, there should be total abolition of the provisions that allow citizens to carry or purchase firearms.Advertising Looking for essay on politic al sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Some researchers have argued against the complete banning of gun sales and proposed a system that makes it easy for citizens of good conduct to acquire firearms. In the states where the gun laws are relaxed, the crime rates are lower. However, the data has been refuted by anti gun activists who argue otherwise. (DeConde 227) Banning of carrying guns in designated areas Social institutions or gatherings should be sealed from the gunmen. In my view, the social gatherings are some of the targets for the murderers who are on the loose. These places provide a â€Å"fertile ground† for attack since most of the victims are caught unawares and unsuspecting. This is a key point in alienating the school gun tragedies that has since bedevilled the nation. The act, school zone gun free, has been in enforcement since 1990. (Roleff 377) The act was adopted to prohibit the use and carryin g of guns within a specified range around school zones, however, the laxity in enforcing this law has cost several lives. This ban should as well be extended to other social gatherings and institutions other than schools. Events such as the unfortunate shooting of school children in Newtown Connecticut would have been easily avoided if there was a strict manner in enforcing this rule. In my opinion, the federal government must tighten its grip on enforcing this law- no gun of whatever type should be carried to any of the social places. Tighten border controls strategy The drug menace in the neighbouring Mexico has compounded matters for the law enforcers at the border points; several research findings have so far established that gun violence is perpetuated by drug abuse. Several fingers have accused various gangs of sneaking drugs into the United States- Mexico border thus fuelling gun violence. (DeConde 201) Several pundits have argued that gun violence is predominant in the pover ty struck neighbourhoods where drug abuse is predominant, the shootings and killings invariantly occur in the neighbourhoods where the hard drugs are found. Moreover, the perpetrators of gun violence have been identified as hard core criminals who abuse drugs or victims of immense drug abuse. It is thus in the interest of the American government to seal the border points to curb the drug trafficking from Mexico into the United States since it greatly contributes to gun violenceAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Gun Violence in USA specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Harsh penalties on gun violence perpetrators It is the responsibility of the federal government to enact their own laws to regulate the handling of guns within their borders. (Haerens 311)The current gun laws have immense weak points that need to be tightened if credible results are to be achieved. The penalties for the convicted offenders, for instance, shou ld be as harsh as possible to act as a warning to the possible perpetrators. In the US, the minimum punishment for such offenders is as low as imprisonment for one month only. (Roleff 377) This, in my opinion, is far too low to administer justice and pose as a warning at the same time. The federal governments and the national government should therefore endeavour to enact much stiffer penalties to avert the crime. Gun safety For the licensed gun carriers like the police, it is important to draft guidelines for firearm storage. Research shows that more than 2% of gun violence cases arise from family feuds or disputes. (Roleff 377) Several cases have risen where the law enforcers themselves are involved in gun violence, it‘s therefore inevitable that proper gun storage mechanism is established for the licensed firearm carriers. (Roleff 377) The firearms should not be exposed in the house. Conclusion America has some of the best anti-gun legislation. However, pundits argue that t he laws are â€Å"too liberal.† (Roleff 377) The federal and central government has to â€Å"tie the loose ends† to make the laws effective. It’s also important to establish the social root of gun violence to prevent gun violence. (DeConde 201) Works cited DeConde, Alexander. Gun violence in America: the struggle for control. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 2001. Print. Haerens, Margaret. Gun violence. San Diego, Calif.: Greenhaven Press, 2006. Print. Roleff, Tamara L.. Gun control. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2007. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

TheRevolutionary War essays

TheRevolutionary War essays The colonists held a Second Continental Congress. They named George Washington the leader of the Continental Army. The colonists tried to make peace with the British but the British wanted to fight. The Second Continental Congress made a document up to tell the British that the colonists wanted freedom. This letter was called the Declaration of Independence. The Declaration stated things like all people are equal and that they have a right to choose who their politicians are. On July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was signed and OKed. British advantages: They were a trained army, they hired German mercenaries, good leadership, and lots of money. British disadvantages: Their supplies had to be shipped from Britain, and they weren't very familiar with the land they were fighting on. American advantages: They knew the terrain, they had supplies close by. American disadvantages: They were not a trained army, they didn't have much cash. The first battles were in Boston. The British won the battle in Bunker Hill. Victories went back and forth. Then the British started winning. The American army got pushed back to Pennsylvania. Washington took his troops and crossed the Delaware river (1776). He made a surprise attack on Xmas night. They kicked British ass. The British tried to attack NY. They got beaten to a pulp in Saratoga. This was an important battle for the American army. Then the French started helping out the Americans. The French hated the British (Nowadays, the French hate EVERYONE) America ran out of cash and had to borrow from other countries George Washington was a good leader and kept the troops together during the crappy winter. They were stationed at Valley Forge. It was cold as hell. Then Britain and America took the fighting out to sea. The British had a real kick ass navy. America had a crappy navy, but they still messed up some British cargo ships ruining the...

The Most LGBTQ-Friendly Colleges in The Country

The Most LGBTQ-Friendly Colleges in The Country SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In general, colleges are consistently becoming more LGBTQ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer) friendly. Young people are more accepting of different sexual orientations and gender identities, and those attitudes are reflected at a growing number of US colleges. However, there are still many college campuses that have reputations for not being inclusive or safe for members of the LGBTQ community. If it's important to you to be at a school with a vibrant LGBTQ community, you should consider looking at specifically LGBTQ-friendly schools. In this article, I'll do the following: Define an LGBTQ-friendly school Explain why you should consider an LGBTQ-friendly college Provide lists of LGBTQ-friendly colleges and universities Give advice for how to use those lists and do effective research to determine if a school is LGBTQ-friendly What Is an LGBT-Friendly College? An LGBT-friendly college makes its LGBTQ students feel safe, accepted, and comfortable on campus. It offers plentiful resources to provide support and counsel for LGBTQ students. Furthermore, the students at LGBTQ-friendly colleges are accepting and supportive of members of the LGBTQ community. LGBTQ students feel at ease expressing themselves around non-LGBTQ students, and the student body treats LGBTQ students with tolerance and respect. If you're looking for specific orientations like gay friendly colleges, generally colleges that I say are LGBTQ-friendly are gay friendly as well. Why Should You Consider an LGBTQ-Friendly College? If You're an LGBTQ Student If you go to an LGBTQ-friendly college as an LGBTQ student, you'll be in a more accepting, supportive environment. Being in an inclusive place can have a positive impact on your quality of life and academic performance while you're in college. Also, you'll be around more LGBTQ students who are out. LGBTQ students at LGBTQ-unfriendly colleges often don't feel comfortable coming out and expressing their sexual or gender identities. Perhaps most importantly, at an LGBTQ-friendly college you'll have more support services, organizations, and programs designed to help you as an LGBTQ student. You'll be able to befriend other LGBTQ students in LGBTQ student groups and get mentorship and counseling from an LGBTQ resource center. Many LGBTQ-friendly colleges even have orientation programs specifically for LGBTQ students to help them get acclimated to college life. If You're Not an LGBTQ Student If you support LGBTQ rights, you're more likely to be around like-minded people at an LGBTQ-friendly college. Generally, people tend to be happier if they're in a community with others who share their political and social views. For many college students, equality for and acceptance of LGBTQ people are important social issues. Even if you're not an active ally of the LGBTQ community, you can benefit from attending an LGBTQ-friendly college. Ideally, the college experience should broaden your horizons and expose you to diverse people and communities. At an LGBTQ-friendly college, you're more likely to learn about LGBTQ issues and befriend LGBTQ students. Lists of LGBTQ-Friendly Colleges I'm providing you with two lists of LGBTQ-friendly colleges from two different sources. Both have clearly defined criteria for their rankings, and they're reputable sources. The first list from Campus Prideis more reflective of the available resources for LGBTQ students. The second list from Princeton Review is more reflective of on-campus attitudes and treatment of members of the LGBTQ community. The only school that made both lists is Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota. Campus Pride Campus Pride is a non-profitdedicated to creating safer, more inclusive LGBTQ-friendly colleges and universities. The top 25 LGBTQ-friendly colleges are based on scores from the Campus Pride Index. The Campus Pride Index includes more than 50 self-assessment questions sent to colleges that correspond to 8 different LGBTQ-friendly factors: LGBTQ Policy Inclusion LGBTQ Support and Institutional Commitment LGBTQ Academic Life LGBTQ Housing LGBTQ Campus Safety LGBTQ Counseling and Health LGBTQ Recruitment and Retention Efforts The List The top 25 LGBTQ-friendly colleges are listed in alphabetical order. Cornell University (Ithaca, NY) Elon University (Elon, NC) Indiana University-Bloomington (Bloomington, IN) Ithaca College (Ithaca, NY) Macalester College (St. Paul, MN) Montclair State University (Montclair, NJ) Penn State University (State College, PA) Princeton University (Princeton, NJ) Rutgers-New Brunswick (New Brunswick, NJ) San Diego State University (San Diego, CA) Southern Oregon University (Ashland, OR) The Ohio State University (Columbus, OH) Tufts University (Medford, MA) University of Colorado at Boulder (Boulder, CO) University of Louisville (Louisville, KY) University of Maine at Machias (Machias, ME) University of Maryland-College Park (College Park, MD) University of Massachusetts-Amherst (Amherst, MA) University of Minnesota-Twin Cities (Minneapolis, MN) University of Oregon (Eugene, OR) University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, PA) University of Vermont (Burlington, VT) University of Washington (Seattle, WA) University of Wisconsin-Green Bay (Green Bay, WI) Williams College (Williamstown, MA) Cornell is LGBTQ-friendly. Princeton Review The Princeton Review rankings of the most LGBTQ-friendly colleges are based on students' answers to the survey question "Do students, faculty, and administrators at your college treat all persons equally regardless of their sexual orientations and gender identity/expression?" The List Schools are ranked from 1-20 with #1 being the most LGBTQ-friendly school. However, there don't seem to be any major differences between the environments at #1 and #20. 1. Emerson College (Boston, MA) 2. Warren Wilson College (Asheville, NC) 3. Sarah Lawrence College (Bronxville, NY) 4. Bryn Mawr College (Bryn Mawr, PA) 5. Oberlin College (Oberlin, OH) 6. Yale University (New Haven, CT) 7. Stanford University (Stanford, CA) 8. College of the Atlantic (Bar Harbor, ME) 9. Wellesley College (Wellesley, MA) 10. University of Wisconsin-Madison (Madison, WI) 11. Smith College (Northampton, MA) 12. New College of Florida (Sarasota, FL) 13. Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering (Needham, MA) 14. Macalester College (St. Paul, MN) 15. Pitzer College (Claremont, CA) 16. Brandeis University (Waltham, MA) 17. Prescott College (Prescott, AZ) 18. Grinnell College (Grinnell, IA) 19. Mills College (Oakland, CA) 20. Bard College (Annandale-on-Hudson, NY) How Should You Use These Lists? If you want to go to an LGBTQ-friendly college, you should research the schools that interest you on the Campus Pride or Princeton Review list to determine if you want to apply to them. Keep in mind that some of these colleges have a specific focus. Mills, Smith, Bryn Mawr, and Wellesley are women's colleges. Also, Emerson is devoted to the study of communication and performing arts. Besides the school being LGBTQ-friendly, think of other factors that are important to you in a college including cost, size, selectivity, location, and the majors offered. Look at the school's website, and use guidebooks, college finders, search websites, and other ranking lists to help you in the college selection process. If possible, consult with teachers, counselors, parents, current students, and alumni. Research colleges to find the right one for you! What Should You Do if a School You're Considering Didn't Make the Cut? Just because a school didn't make either list doesn't necessarily mean that it's LGBTQ-unfriendly. If there's a school you're interested in, you can look up its score on the Campus Pride Index. The Campus Pride Index scores schools from 1-5 stars. Schools that get a 5-star rating are the most LGBTQ-friendly. However, many schools don't take part in the Campus Pride Index, including Stanford, which ranks as the #7 most LGBTQ-friendly school in the Princeton Review rankings. Contact a representative from the LGBTQ resource center or student group to get more information about the atmosphere on campus. Usually, you can find those contacts on college websites. If there isn't an LGBTQ resource center or student group, it's probably not an LGBTQ-friendly school. Also, you can consult other sources that evaluate how LGBTQ-friendly a college is. On Niche, you can search for a specific college. Under "diversity" for each school's guide, there is a category called "gay pride" that describes the atmosphere for LGBTQ students on campus. Similarly, on the College View finder, you can search for schools that are LGBTQ-friendly. Additionally, if you look at a specific college's profile, you can see whether the school has gay and lesbian organizations. Finally, The Gay and Lesbian Guide to College Life is a good resource. This book from the Princeton Review doesn't identify LGBTQ-friendly colleges, but it does offer advice from students and administrators at more than 70 of the nation's top colleges about how to excel on campus as an LGBTQ student. What's Next? Because financial concerns often influence the college selection process, check out this list of colleges that meet 100% of students' financial need. Also, learn more about the 28 best liberal arts colleges in the country, many of which are LGBTQ-friendly. Finally, to make sure you get into the college of your dreams, read this post on the important college application deadlines you can't miss. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

The Princess Bride Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Princess Bride - Essay Example As mentioned earlier, the video uses a narration told by a grandfather (Peter Falk) to his sick grandson (Fred Savage). With the keen interest in the cinematography, the narrative occasionally disrupts the delivery of the plot. When the young man falls ill, he is visited by his grandfather. In a bid to cheer the grandson up, the grandfather buys a story book entitled ‘The Princess Bride, a tale of the love between the beautiful Buttercup and the besotted Westley.† The story is centered mainly on the love broken when Westley is presumed to be dead during a sea voyage while in pursuit of his fortune (Goldman 16). This incident left his girlfriend, Buttercup, in a desolate state which pushed her to voting against love. Later on, Buttercup seems to have forgotten about the demise and the position held by Westley in her life. In this regard, she accepts a marriage proposal from Prince Humperdinck. He is presented as a wealthy and handsome prince who is also the heir to the Florin throne. The land was defined by fire swamps, intense quicksands, and unusually large rodents. Adding to the adventurous touch, the area is also characterized by exotic swordsmen, vile swamps, pirates, kidnappers, torturous, and giants. These set of environment provides a perfect platform from the adventure surrounding the love between Westley and Buttercup. Later, Buttercup is kidnaped in order to use her as leverage for war. This instance catalyzed the return of Westley as the Dread Pirate Roberts to save his love of his life. Westley sets up a team that includes a giant, a thief, a swordsman and hired helpers in a bid to save Buttercup from the three Outlaws. After he successfully rescues her, Westley is arrested and tortured by Humperdinck to his death. Meanwhile, Inigo and Fezzik find Westley’s body and take it to Miracle Max who resurrects him. Later, Inigo slays Rugen (his father’s killer), and Westley manages to save Buttercup from suicide. The main

Markets Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Markets - Coursework Example The latter performs the process of lending after purchasing securities from the market instead of directly giving out loans. These include insurance companies, investment trusts, pension funds, mutual funds and so on. The major outcome of financial intermediaries is to ensure that at all times there is a steady flow of funds, including cash, which moves smoothly from the surplus units to the deficit units. This in turn will result in regular investments to boast the economy and help support the growth of activities in the market in general. By doing so the ideal funds will be utilized in the best way, which otherwise would have generated only a marginal interest. Financial intermediaries who match the lender with the borrower help both by reducing their transaction costs. They also provide in-depth information to their clients to provide them with the best available source of investing their money. Information costs are substantially costs are reduced for both parties, namely the len der and the borrower, since they don’t have to spend resources from their own end to dig out extensive information. Hence, it is not surprising to know that in United States alone roughly 24.4% of firm investment was financed through bank loans that were taken from 1970 – 1985. (Gorton & Winton, 2002) This proves that bank loans (financial intermediaries) are the primary source of external financing globally no matter whether it is a developing or a developed country. Therefore, one can state that ‘financial intermediation is the root institution in the savings-investment process’. (Gorton & Winton, 2002) An outcome of this is that a large number of individuals and firms come together to make this happen, so that in case if one party fails to give a loan, another is available to support that. The huge pool ensures a constant availability of both capital and expertise which is available for all. The whole process can be summed up as ‘a value-creating economic process.’ (Scholtens & Wensveen, 2003) It can be concluded that financial intermediaries are not only providing a place for investors to borrow from, rather their role is more diverse and comprehensive. They are constantly and actively working to offer products that an individual investor can barely provide to a saver. This is the advantage of ‘cover for risk’, the basic reason behind why every saver will trust in a financial intermediary. Question 2 Stock markets all around the globe are the ideal modes of generating funds for businesses or companies that want to fulfill their capital requirements. It provides a very comprehensive way for investors to choose from a variety of stocks that best suit their needs (mainly risk and return). Any investor can select his own set of stocks of as many companies as he like and create a portfolio to reduce his risk in the market. One of the major roles of stock markets in the financial system is to provide the featu re of liquidity. This means that an investor can at any given time trade his security for cash when the market is operating. (Rohit, 2008) The incentive offered by this feature makes it a very promising driver of growth in an economy. The amount of trade or activity going on

Group characteristics and development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Group characteristics and development - Essay Example Role of branch coordinator was to manage the branch, reporting to top management, looking after inventories, admissions, daily expenses account and fulfilling of targets. Role of faculty was providing customized service to every student, looking after academic related services and other staff for managing other activities like front and back end work, marketing etc. Rules come out with the positions. The group focused in delighting customers, fulfilling targets and working efficiently and effectively by being fully responsible for one’s work and maintaining good work culture. If any member violates this rules he/she would be warned once and if repeated, rewarded shown a pink slip. We also follow negative punishment method and appraisal method related to quality of work done in a month period. If we look at personality, then everyone have different personality and attitude because of different reasons, may be status, age, position, experience, education, intelligent quotient, etc. Anyone can approach the top management for any issues or confusions and way of interaction was formal. Some of them are very quiet and others are very aggressive as everyone has their own view of looking at the matter. Sometimes, unmanageable situations arise and it’s difficult to delight every member in a group. But we come out with a solution through brainstorming and feedback process involving each member in an organization that can at least satisfy each and every member in a group. A group in which I worked was different because, in my group there was high satisfaction level among each member, efficient and effective coordination among group members, mutual understanding, transparency, and a work culture that one will love to work with. Only problem faced by employee was that the management was unable to manage the branch properly and less decision making authorities were allocated to the ground level

The United States Patriot Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The United States Patriot Act - Essay Example The PATRIOT Act was enacted to protect US citizens by augmenting the tools by which law enforcement agencies fight crime and improves communication capabilities between these government agencies. In spite of the prevailing majority opinion, the PATRIOT Act protects, rather than degrades, civil liberties. The name of the act, the USA PATRIOT Act, is a shortened acronym for Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism. According to the Justice Department, the PATRIOT Act gives support to and encourages enhanced sharing of information among various law enforcement agencies at the local, state and federal levels. In addition, this law assists law enforcement in their efforts to â€Å"connect the dots† from a wider scope of agencies when assembling evidence so as to â€Å"develop a complete picture† regarding possible threats from terrorists. By enabling more fluid communications between the various agencies, information regarding a particular suspect can be matched up faster, often automatically by computer database, and more accurately identified. This assists in increasing the safety of citizens both by removing dangerous suspects from the general population before they are able to cause serious trouble and by ensuring innocent citizens are cleared and released in a timely and efficient manner if or when mistakes are made. Communications is the focus of the other major element of the act as well. The Act allows law enforcement officials more latitude when attempting to intercept transmissions of suspected terrorist’s discussions via electronic surveillance (Ward, 2002). This is not a blanket license for law enforcement to listen to anyone’s line based upon a simple whim or roll of the dice, but is instead intended to help investigators trace suspicious person’s through their more intimate and therefore

One person vs a group of people Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

One person vs a group of people - Essay Example This case examines the Orpheus orchestra and the way that they run the orchestra. What makes they different from others is that they do not have a conductor that dictates the entire orchestra, rather, everyone has a say. The group started out with people who had gone to music school and coming out they decided that they were not willing to give up their musical creativity and always be under the leadership of another person. So they created this group and decided that every person would have a say in every piece of music that is to be performed. So we are talking 27 musicians who all are very opinionated and are all â€Å"strong-willed† putting their input into everything. So as one may put together, it was just too many opinions at one time. It took the group countless hours to rehearse all of the song with all of the suggestions that were made. So what they had decided to do was make core groups and depending on the song would depend on the group that would make suggestions and changes to how the song would be performed. They would also do the same with a concertmaster. Instead of the concertmaster acting like a conductor, they would be almost like a mediator. They would run the rehearsals and make sure that the rehearsals we productive and that the discussions didn’t get too out of hand and off track.

The United States Patriot Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The United States Patriot Act - Essay Example The PATRIOT Act was enacted to protect US citizens by augmenting the tools by which law enforcement agencies fight crime and improves communication capabilities between these government agencies. In spite of the prevailing majority opinion, the PATRIOT Act protects, rather than degrades, civil liberties. The name of the act, the USA PATRIOT Act, is a shortened acronym for Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism. According to the Justice Department, the PATRIOT Act gives support to and encourages enhanced sharing of information among various law enforcement agencies at the local, state and federal levels. In addition, this law assists law enforcement in their efforts to â€Å"connect the dots† from a wider scope of agencies when assembling evidence so as to â€Å"develop a complete picture† regarding possible threats from terrorists. By enabling more fluid communications between the various agencies, information regarding a particular suspect can be matched up faster, often automatically by computer database, and more accurately identified. This assists in increasing the safety of citizens both by removing dangerous suspects from the general population before they are able to cause serious trouble and by ensuring innocent citizens are cleared and released in a timely and efficient manner if or when mistakes are made. Communications is the focus of the other major element of the act as well. The Act allows law enforcement officials more latitude when attempting to intercept transmissions of suspected terrorist’s discussions via electronic surveillance (Ward, 2002). This is not a blanket license for law enforcement to listen to anyone’s line based upon a simple whim or roll of the dice, but is instead intended to help investigators trace suspicious person’s through their more intimate and therefore

The Impact of Disruption to Sleep Patterns in the Intensive Care Unit Essay

The Impact of Disruption to Sleep Patterns in the Intensive Care Unit - Essay Example One indisputable fact is that lack of sleep affects the health and progress of the healing for patients in the ICU. A study on the impacts of sleep disruptions in the ICU indicated that the nature of sleep patterns in a nursing environment has some significant associations with the mortality rates (Friese, 2007, p. 1210). Nursing institutions that promote good sleep habits for patients in the ICU have also shown significant reductions in the levels of mortality. On the other hand, nursing institutions that do not have any structures for promoting good sleep habits were also associated with high mortality rates. The findings of this study were consistent with other findings that showed a positive association between the states of health of patients in the ICU with the number of hours of sleep that the patients managed to get (Friese, 2007, p. 1212). For instance, these findings showed that most of the patients who managed to get uninterrupted sleep were able to respond faster and bett er to treatment than those who were occasionally interrupted by the nurses or other factors. Discussion Various studies have developed an association between the rate of patients’ readmission to the nursing homes and the disruptions to the sleep patterns (Patel, Chipman, Carlin & Shade, 2008, p. 309; Patel, Chipman, Carlin & Shade, 2008, p. 310). Some of the inferences drawn from this study are that the sleep patterns of the patients in the ICU promoted the natural defences of the body, thus, allowing the patients to develop long-terms health stability. These associations are also consistent with other studies that have established the existence of positive influences between long term health balances of individuals to the quality of sleep that they receive (Eliassen & Hopstock, 2011, p. 140). Opinions of some nursing experts suggest that the promotion of environmental conditions that support quality sleeping patterns is more sustainable than interventions that involve the us e of sleep inducers. Patients who are occasionally subjected to sleep inducers often lapse into delirium after a short while and may require stronger inducers in order for them to acquire the same amount of sleep (Patel, Chipman, Carlin & Shade, 2008, p. 310). Some of the studies have established a connection between the impairment of the body’s ability to combat infections (Eliassen & Hopstock, 2011; Friese, 2007). Quality sleep strengthens the immune system and provides the enabling environment for the functioning of the defensive mechanism of the body. Poor sleeping patterns are usually associated with prolonged healing and negative responses to the treatment processes. Patients who fail to get sufficient sleep are also likely to suffer from hallucinations and unstable psychological states. This is because the state of a patient’s mental balance is affected by the kind of pressure and strain that occur during the period of wakefulness. In order for a patient in the ICU to develop the necessary defences, it is necessary to develop a stable sleeping schedule with sufficient time that would allow for the release of the strain and pressure that operate at the mental level. The role of nurses in mitigating the adverse

About being a Police Officer Essay Example for Free

About being a Police Officer Essay If you are interested in becoming a police officer, you must be aware of how tough it is to get the job. You have to go through hard mental and physical screening and training, and for good reason. Police work is a noble career, but it can also be a difficult life. I choose this topic because I know much about it already but I want to learn more because I might end up being in Law Enforcement. Being a Police Officer is not as hard as it looks you having to be fit. To become a police officer, you must pass a fitness test, and you will be required to accomplish various fitness challenges at the police academy. Its not all action all the time. You will need to write reports of what happened, and those reports must be accurate and detailed because they can be used as evidence in court. See more: Old Age Problem essay Crime wont stop when youre off duty. You may be called upon to assist with a situation at any time. However, these extra hours often come with overtime pay. The communitys safety is in your hands, and your work will not always be respected. You have to be able to tolerate people not trusting you because of the actions of other police officers, and you may find yourself rebuilding trust on a regular basis. Not only will you work on a daily basis with your partner, but you must also represent the police to the community. Your every action will be under scrutiny, either by your supervisor, your peers or the public at large. This is what I know before I start learning more about being a Police Officer.

Matching the Differences in Grammar

Matching the Differences in Grammar Matching the Differences in Grammar and Lexicon in Translation Process Introduction In Nidas view, Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style (Nida, Eugene A., 1975: 14). In other words, translation is the process of transformation from a speech product (or text) produced in one language to a speech product (or text) in another language. During this process of transformation the level of content in the source text should remain unchanged. However, the modes of thinking and expression of English and Chinese are very different. The influential European-born American literary critic, translator, and educator George Steiner remarks, The difficulties of translating Chinese into a western language are notorious. Chinese is composed mainly of monosyllabic units with a wide range of diverse meanings. The grammar lacks clear tense distinctions. The characters are logographic but many contain pictorial rudiments or suggestions. The relations betwee n propositions are paratactic rather than syntactic and punctuation marks represent breathing pauses far more than they do logical or grammatical segmentations. (George Steiner/After Babel, 1998: 271) Chinese is a refined language with a tightly knit structure. Though it is one of the most ancient languages in the world, it still has strong expressiveness and utility value. During the process of translation, various differences between the grammar and lexicon are very common. The Chinese translator can never be so cocksure of what an English sentence or passage really means without being crystal clear about its syntactic and textual structure as well as the lexical and grammatical meanings of the expressions it contains. And a well-trained bilingual translator should have the ability to handle all these differences and give out a compete transcript of the original work, making sure the style and manner of writing are of the same character as that of the source text. In the following part, I will analyze some features in the grammar and lexicon of English and Chinese and give some translation strategies. Lexicon English has a large vocabulary. Historically, it absorbed a giant number of words from other languages, i.e. French, Latin and Greek. Given the various origins and the synonyms already existed in English, the English speaker always have several choices to express a certain meaning. Hence there are many synonyms and near-synonyms in English. Also, polysemy appears widely in this language. Chinese has copious synonyms as well as near-synonyms, too. So the translators need to carefully consider the differences between all of the options and find the right word to use in particular situations. There is no change of forms in Chinese vocabulary. The Chinese language users mainly express the meaning of a sentence through the words, the word orders and their internal logical relations. The English vocabulary has copious changes of forms, for instance, the nouns have singular and plural forms; the verbs have different forms when the person, the case, the tense, or the mood is changing; the adjectives and adverbs both have the comparative degree and the superlative degree; many words also can add the prefix or the suffix to change its meaning. While translating English to Chinese, the translator needs to add some words or change the form of Statement to show the change of forms in the English text. While translating Chinese to English, the translator should change certain forms to match the tense, the mood and the voice in the Chinese text. Here are two English sentences and their Chinese translations. His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness (). With defenses rig idly constructed in our own childhood and beyond, we can become frozen in our ability to adapt to the new role of caring for our children in a consistent and clear manner. Normal aspects of our childrens experience such as their emotionality, their helplessness and vulnerability, and their dependence on us can feel threatening and become intolerable (,,,,) In the first sentence, added to is translated as not which is translated word by word because uneasiness means which does not fit well with . The second sentence comes from a psychological book about parenthood named Parenting from the Inside Out which was translated to Chinese by me. There are two children in the text, I translated the first to and the second . The reason is that the first one is in the text of the new role of caring for our children, it is improper to say which is too redundant. Based on the code of the Chinese language, I omitted ? which stands for the plural form and which is a part of the   subject th at needless to mention. Generally speaking, in English, nouns, prepositions, adjectives and adverbs are more active and can express more meanings in the sentences while in Chinese, verbs, phrases and clauses are more powerful. Some adverbs in English are very informative which can be translated as a separate Chinese sentence or clause. In contrast, some Chinese clauses can be translated as a certain English word. For example, ,(He is a greenhand). Grammar The overt cohesive relationships between parts of the texts are necessarily linked to a languages grammatical system (Halliday and Hasan 1976: 44). Thus, grammatical differences between languages will be expressed by changes in the types of ties used to mark cohesion in the source and target texts (Shoshana Blum-Kulka, 1986: 18). I will analyze the grammatical differences between English and Chinese in terms of sentence word order, sentence structure and paragraph awareness. Sentence Word Order There are some similarities in the word order of the sentences between English and Chinese, for example, the orders of the main part of a sentence (the subject, the predicate, the object and the predicative) are the same. The differences lie in the positions of the attribute and the adverbial. Position of Attribute In Chinese sentences, the attribute is always in front of the modified noun. As for English, if the attribute is a word, it is placed in front of the modified noun too; if the attribute is a phrase, then its position is always behind the noun. For example, The man you saw yesterday is his cousin(). Position of adverbial If the adverbial is a word, it should be placed in front of the modified adjectives and other adverbials, no matter in English or Chinese. For example, He works very hard (). While the adverbial (a word) is modifying a verb, for Chinese, it should be placed in front of the modified word; for English, the position is more flexible. For instance, IT industry has been developing rapidly in these years(IT).The molecules of a gas are moving about extremely fast in all directions (). If the adverbial is a phrase, when it is modifying a verb, in English, the position of the phrase is flexible while in Chinese, in most cases, the phrase is in front of the modified part, e.g. William left the shop without a word (). Sentence structure The English sentences value hypotaxis while the Chinese sentences pay more attention on parataxis. The English language always use morphological changes, conjunctions, prepositions, attributive clauses and absolute structures to indicate the grammatical relation between sentence elements. Having no morphological changes, attributive clauses and absolute structures and few conjunctions and prepositions, the grammatical relations between elements in Chinese sentences are often indicated implicitly. The Chinese sentential form is more casual than English. For instance, They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives (,,,). Paragraph awareness In English, if the whole paragraph only mentioned one person or a certain thing, the subjects seldom change which keeps coherence of the text. As for Chinese, there is no such rule for maintaining the subjects in a paragraph. Hence, while translating a Chinese paragraph to English, the translator should pay attention to the subjects. Here is an example. ,,,,, (She got into her chair and was soon carried through the city wall. Peeping through the gauze panel which served as a window, she could see streets and buildings more rich and elegant and throngs of people more lively and numerous than she had ever seen in her life before) (Yang Hsien-yi/ Gladys Yang, 1995: 72). This sentence comes from the Classical Chinese Literature A Dream of Red Mansions and the English version was translated by Chinese translators Yang Hsien-yi and his wife Gladys Yang. The Chinese paragraph does not even mention the subject, but we can define that there are two subjects in this paragraph the person and t he street. As for the English version, in order to keep the coherence, the translator skillfully merges the second subject into the text by taking it as the object. Conclusion One of the translation standards put forward by Chinese translator and reformer Yan Fu in the 19th century is faithfulness (and the rest two are comprehensiveness and elegance). It is obvious that faithfulness is the most important standard among the three. However, there are disparities between one language and another disparities in lexicon, in grammar and in linguistic structure, etc. So it is impossible to achieve the absolute faithfulness. But a professional bilingual translator can achieve the real faithfulness in a possible sense a faithful translation in good formality with not only the original context, but also the original form and style. Though there are many differences in lexicon and grammar between Chinese and English, as long as the translators mind these differences and take the related translation strategies, they still can contribute very profound translations and help people speaking different languages communicate with each other. (1,942 words) References Halliday, M. and R. Hasan, 1976. Cohesion in English. London: Longman. George Steiner, After Babel, 1998. Aspects of Language and Translation. Oxford: Oxford University Press Nida, Eugene A., 1975. Language Structure and Translation. Stanford: Standford University Press, California Shoshana blum-kulka, 1986. Interlingual and Intercultural Communication: Discourse and Cognition in Translation and Second Language Acquisition Studies. Tubingen: Narr Yang Hsien-yi/ Gladys Yang, 1995. A Dream of Red Mansions. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press 12/16/2009   Page7 of 7

Past, Present, and Future of State University :: Argumentative Essays

Past, Present, and Future of State University The structure and workings of the university are ever changing. The university of the past is not like the university of the present and the university of the present will not be like the university of the future. This â€Å"adaptation† to the times is what can make some universities great or make some universities among the worst in the nation. In the past the university was very set in their ways. They did things the way they wanted them done. They paid no heed to the rest of the society and the way the ones paying the bills wanted them done. In the past the professors would lecture endlessly to the students. This endless lecturing often left the students bored and with no idea what was really said to them in the lecture. This is no way to try and teach students, students need interaction with the professors that are paid to teach them. As Paulo Freire believed there needs to be communication between the students and the professors and the class should not be totally memorization. Freire also believes that when the professors are active and the students are passive there is no learning there is only memorization. This is the way that things were done in the past. All classes were based on memorizing the material with no interaction. When all you do is memorize you do not put the material to use you just remember it for a short time and then you forget it forever. Freire says that when the teachers are rated on how well the student memorize the material, they are just passing the students on ignorance. The university should also teach the process of critical thinking not just how to learn facts. In the present many universities have either changed or are changing the way that they run their university. The universities now are taking on many of the beliefs of the major educational philosophers in order to make changes in the teaching methods. Universities are breaking down many of the divides between majors that they offer. By breaking these barriers the universities are becoming less specialized and more diverse. This goes along with the ideas of Berry.

Developments in reproductive technology Essay

With reference to relevant ethical theories, explain the arguments used to support developments in reproductive technology. [35] Reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilisation, pre-implantation genetic diagnosis and intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection have undoubtedly brought much joy to many people, and therefore many ethical systems support its development. A good place to start when considering the benefits of these technologies is the utilitarian view. Utilitarians believe that man has a natural desire to reproduce based in human biology. Patrick Steptoe is quoted as stating that â€Å"It is a fact that there is a biological desire to reproduce†. Likewise, Peter Singer, famous utilitarian writer, in his defence of IVF refers to the desire for a child as being a very basic desire. If there is such a desire then there does seem to be a strong argument in favour of developing techniques to overcome infertility. Such an argument might be based on the utilitarian principle of `maximising happiness’. This theory claims that where there is a moral choice to make the right thing to do is the action which is likely to produce the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. This theory starts with the happiness involved in a situation, takes into account the wider happiness of anyone else involved and takes the action that will produce this result of happiness. This theory looks at the consequences and takes the actio n that will bring about the desired results. The Utilitarian wishes to maximise happiness and minimise the pain of infertility. When considering issues such as infertility we must not look at it in impersonal, philosophical terms. It is a problem that can only be truly understood at human level. Those that have never suffered infertility will not know the true pain of being unable to conceive. Since successful IVF treatment will bring an enormous amount of happiness these theorists are in agreement with such treatments. In the case of an infertile couple the utilitarian will look at the options available and strive towards to goal of conception. To quote Laura Bush, â€Å"For those who deeply want children and are denied them, those missing babies hover like silent ephemeral shadows over their lives.† Moving on to situation ethics, this theory is in favour of reproductive technology if it is the most loving course of action in the particular situation. It is not absolutist. This theory says that individual situations are different. This theory believes that there is only one underlying principle: you do whatever is the most loving thing to do in a situation. Ethical rules are secondary. In the circumstances of an infertile couple you take the line of action which will be the most loving thing for a couple in their unique circumstances. There are many circumstances in which the use of reproductive technology would be the most loving course of action, such as when a same sex couple wish to experience parenthood. Techniques such as IVF using donor sperm/eggs can bring the joy of a child when they cannot conceive one naturally. Another more controversial scenario when a couple may benefit from reproductive technology would be when they desire a certain sex of child. Reproductive technology can accommodate consumerist type choices such as this. Using technologies to determine a child’s gender before it is born could be considered loving because in certain countries, such as India and China, boys are more desired and therefore the child and family will have a higher quality of life overall. Personal autonomy and choice is key to this debate. Personal autonomy is the capacity to decide for oneself and pursue a course of action in one’s life, often regardless of any particular moral content. Whether or not reproductive technologies are moral should be down to the couple to decide, not the government, because it is a highly personal choice. Finally, natural law is an ethical theory that is typically opposed to reproductive technology, because it is interfering with natural conception. However, there are some Christians who believe that natural law can be reconciled with reproductive technologies. If God has said that the final end of sex is procreation, then the use of technology is instrumental to the pursuit of the natural ends, which have already been stipulated in doctrine. Thus, for example, IVF treatment allows us to pursue the natural end of reproduction through technological processes. After all, the Bible never directly mentions reproductive technologies. Nonetheless, this is still a minority view amongst proponents of natural law. Protestant churches tend to take a more lenient view. For example, the Free Presbyterian Church accepts IVF provided that the couple are married, spare embryos are not created and no donors are used. Both the Methodist Church and the Church of England are quite positive about all forms of IVF and even permit research on spare embryos up to 14 days old because it can be of great help to doctors researching genetic diseases, although embryos should not be created solely for this purpose. Ultimately, reproductive technology causes us to rethink our views on family, marriage, sex and what makes a mother. Regardless of our views, we should be compassionate towards those suffering from the effects of infertility. You cannot understand their situation unless you have experienced it personally.

Health and Safety In a workplace

I have chosen two work places to compare in my health and safety investigation. First one is in my school, and my second workplace is in St James medical centre. I wrote up a questionnaire about health and safety to give to both of my workplaces. An employee in this place will fill out the questionnaire to see how much they know about their work place. Firstly both my workplaces do know the evacuation procedures in the event of an emergency or a fire. Waste Materials: Each workplace uses different methods of disposing of their waste materials. The workplace has special bins for unsafe waste and the school uses the sinks or black bags because it is usually not harmful waste thrown away if it is then it is disposed appropriately for the type of martial of substance. The workplace recycles all unwanted paper the same as the school has just bought in paper bins to use in each classroom. Is the electricity is used safely: In each workplace there is different electricity safety insurgency firstly in the Post-graduates who have just finished university can also use electronic information for a variety of things as well. Firstly keep in touch with all there friends that they made from university on websites such as Facebook, MySpace and others like that as well as the chat programs e.g. MSN and others. Secondly using it to find jobs and to start to look for cars and houses school the students can use the switches and the equipment under supervision the teacher has control of the safety switches and the circuit breakers in each lab. The workplace has a rule that only qualified elections are allowed to touch the equipment. Prevent fire: Each workplace is smoke free to insure no fires caused by that. The school has gas cut of switches if the fire was caused by gas to stop the building blowing up. No naked flames and put on near chemicals that are flammable. Each workplace has fire alarms. The medical centre insures that all equipment is switched off before leaving building at night. Effects on environment: The medical centre knows the effect in the environment is helping people. In the school Some ways of having to use the electronic information can be: having to buy clothes online delivered to your door, buying plane tickets for anywhere around the world, having your shopping delivered to your door by a local super market e.g. Tesco, Sainsbury and ASDA. there is know effects to the environment because there are such few hazards chemicals and if there was then they would be so few medical centres w that it wouldn't make any differences. Hazard chemicals: Each work place does use chemicals the medical centre has correct training for individuals that are handling them and also monitoring of using them too. The school has fume cupboards are used in the labs ands correct storage. Each chemical is clearly labelled how bad it is also they have fire proof cabinets. None of my work places use any biological hazards. First aid: In the medical centre there are doctors and qualified nurses in the case of emergency first aid. In the school there is about 7 teachers qualified in first aid,

Meaning of Being Educated

The Meaning of Being an Educated Person Being educated is one of the most important attribute a person can have. However, there is a difference between being educated from experience and being educated from readings and schoolwork. Though being knowledgeable through experience allows a person to be thought of as well-rounded, the basics of his or her own rights and abilities are often overlooked. Not too many people can recite all of their rights and capabilities and be able to explain them to an outsider. The American legal system is increasingly important with the constant changes in what is acceptable to our society.Being well-educated in the rights of one’s country allows for a citizen to become more involved and in turn, appreciate his or her country. An exact definition of educated would be termed as â€Å"having an education or having knowledge based from fact†, according to the online Merriam-Webster Dictionary. To become educated, a person enters and may commit to a continuous process. Education is a process of gaining knowledge through self-examination and will, interactions with peers or elders, pure experience. One can even say that a person is educated through instinct alone.However, instinct alone cannot suffice if one wishes to enter the job force and rise in society. There is also a responsibility that comes along with gaining education. With the acquiring of knowledge there is the choice to use it to one’s advantage or to keep it to oneself. Education is variable. One can be more educated in law than another, and one can be more educated in music than another. How educated a person is is dependent on how much they want to learn about a subject. Not every piece of knowledge about the American government is handed to each citizen.Though many do not seek further education beyond high school, the resources are there for the use of learning and practicing one’s freedom. An example of a well-educated person in terms of an American’s rights and liberties would be a lawyer. A lawyer is schooled for many years about the legal system, including the laws and constitution of America. It is with their degree that lawyers gain the right and trust to provide legal advice and guidance. Some lawyers further their education and occupational ranking by becoming magistrates.Magistrates are looked upon has having a high education and understanding of the law, rights, and regulations of our society. Another example would be the occupation of a police officer. A police officer acts as a guide and stable hand to the society of America. A police officer learns and practices the constitutional law and keeps wrongdoers in check as much as possible. They create a safer environment for people to live in and lead by example by enforcing the rules as sternly as possible. When a criminal or delinquent is arrested they are confronted by the officer saying â€Å"you have the right to remain silent†.The police offi cer is making the citizen aware of their right as an American. When a business is made and operated, the owner or owners practice their legal rights as an American. These rights are laid out in exact detail through a contract signed in the process of starting a business. The owner is well educated in the law and rights that he or she must follow and practice. As a business owner, one will practice property rights most often. â€Å"Property is a set of legal rights to exclude others from interfering with one's acquisition, possession, use, and transfer of limited resources† (Reed 451).By owning a business, a person has the right to acquire, dispose of, and use property freely. According to the Cato Handbook for Policymakers, property is the foundation of every right we Americans have, which includes the right to be free. Therefore, every land owner practices their rights as an American. â€Å"When laws are generally and equally applicable they will tend to produce a beneficia l social order because lawmakers cannot benefit themselves exclusively but only as they also benefit the populace as a whole† (Reed 450). The laws are set in the U. S.Constitution in order to provide order and stability in the American society. The writers of the constitution were not as learned about society and democracy as people are today, but they were educated enough to realize what laws and guidelines would create a greater society and social system. The constitution allows for certain authorities to lead the United States. These authorities have a greater understanding and education about how society should work and run. With a greater education and understanding of the United States laws and freedoms, an American citizen has the capacity to appreciate and take part in their society.A well educated person has knowledge of fact and experience combined whether it is from schooling or by random occurrence. Through schooling, one can become part of the American government and practice the law by providing guidance and stability for citizens who may seem unaware. With numerous resources available to anyone in America, the ability to become well-educated in the subject of the government and the rights of the American citizen is easy.Works Cited A Summary of the US Constitution. n. d. 15 June 2011 lt;http://www2. waketech. edu/blogs/elcivics/files/2011/03/summary-of-the-USConstitution. pdf;gt;. Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. â€Å"educated. † n. d. Merriam-Webster. com. 17 June 2011 ;lt; http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/educated;gt; â€Å"Property Rights and the Constitution. † Cato Handbook for Policymakers 7. (2009): 345-362 17 June 2011. Reed, O. Lee. â€Å"Law, The Rule of Law, and Property: A Foundation for the Private Market and Business Study. † American Business Law Journal 8. (2001): 441-474. Web. 17 June 2011.

The Impact of IT systems on the work of managers in 5 star hotels in Essay

The Impact of IT systems on the work of managers in 5 star hotels in California - Essay Example People have become more active in tourism. Hospitable industry has been doing very well. Things like 9/11 attacks do affect the rates, but then that is also on temporary basis. People have started resuming their touring activities. The responsibilities also rise on the shoulders of managers. These are just a few tasks that manager have to do when in hotel management. Illustrated below are the general tasks found in the managers of California based hotels. The above mentioned tasks are just a few jobs that are under taken by the management. Now lets see how technology has helped these managers in improving their tasks. One advantage that technology has given is that where 5 people used to be required to do a certain task, now even one person can takeover aoo those tasks with the help of technological softwares implemented. POS Systems are being used efficiently in the hotels of California. Lynne Brakeman (2006) says POS are used for taking guest orders, collecting and analyzing financial transaction information, and providing data security and accountability. Credit card skimming, handwriting recognition, consumer preference for debit cards and contactless payment devices are some of the main issues influencing the evolution POS technology in the hospitality industry. Online Reservation Systems act as management tool to handle booking, customer support, and property information and transformation arrangement. These management tools allow the managers to keep the record of customers and send newsletters or ecards. The customers can easily ask about their queries to the management staff and do not actually need to visit the premises. Management tools Pacific Plaza Hotels in California use management tools to perform the following operational tasks. (Examples of few management tools are discussed below) Prepare, implement and monitor: Business plan Purchasing and inventory controls Accounting systems, including reporting Accounts receivable and payable Forecasts, budgets and monthly variance Capital improvement schedules Recruiting, training, supervising and controlling property management and staff Establish preventative maintenance programs Property visits by corporate executives Computerized Card keys Computer Card Keys are another form of technology. They are an alternative to physical keys. Management of California hotels used to face problems like keys being duplicated. These actions resulted in stealing of objects from the rooms. Computerized Card Keys have made things a

Saudi EFL Instructors' and Students' Perceptions toward Implementing Essay

Saudi EFL Instructors' and Students' Perceptions toward Implementing MALL in High Education - Essay Example This has resulted in new approaches of teaching and learning and this has made it possible to devise teaching plans within and outside the classrooms. The incorporation of technology into education is supported by a number of theories including behaviorism, constructivism, situated learning theory, collaborative learning theory, informal and lifelong learning theory (Naismith et al., 2004). In the field of teaching and learning new languages, many models that are based on the utilization of technologies have emerged. These technologies play a crucial role in the improvement of the educational process. Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) is one of these models in which students use computers to learn the language (Levy, 1997).Although CALL gained its popularity in many developed countries in the early 1980s, Saudi Arabia unfortunately did not introduce computers to its educational system until the last decade of the twentieth century (Oyaid, 2007). As a result of the constant developments in the field of ICT, a new stage of CALL developed known as mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) in which students use mobile devices in the language learning process (Begum, 2011). These devices are the new generation of computers and include personal portable mobile devices such as cell phones, MP3/MP4 players, personal digital assistants and palmtop computers used for lan guage learning (Kukulska-hulme, 2008). For the purpose of this paper, the researcher will focus on the use of smart phones and tablets for the delivery of higher education. Regardless of the challenges that result due the usage of mobile devices in education, a number of successful attempts have occurred in different parts of the world. This successful usage resulted in improving the linguistic competence of the students (for example, Thornton and Houser, 2003; Myers, 2000). However, it needs to be understood that in order to successfully implement MALL in any

Critically evalute the legacy of the Chicago School of Criminology Essay

Critically evalute the legacy of the Chicago School of Criminology - Essay Example Before the dominant theories in Criminology emerged, the leading theories were classical criminology and positivist theories of crime. The emergence of classical school of criminology can be traced in the early 18th century lead by philosopher Jeremy Bentham who focused on criminal justice and penology. He opined that crime results from a product of human nature and since humans posses free will, they have therefore the ability to control their own actions (Carrabine, Iganski, Lee, Plummer, and South, 2004). Bentham suggested that a criminal justice system is more reasonable as compared to the classic barbaric system of capital punishment. According to him, there should be more focus on the enforcement of the law and the legal processes instead on the different causes of crime (Bentham, 1789). For Beccaria (1764), in his famous book On Crimes and Punishments , crimes do not exist by reason of bad individuals but from bad laws. He suggested new perspective based on justice. This became major foundation of the modern criminal justice system. As asserted by the early positivist theorists, free will is out of the question in studying crime. These theorists used empirical research methods by which they theorized that the causes of crimes are biological, psychological and environmental factors (Carrabine et al, 2004). This is different from the classical approach which has its sight on legal issues and crime prevention. According to the positivist criminologists, as shared by Cesare Lombroso, the causes and effects of criminal behavior can be directly observed. Lombroso opposed that crimes are due to human free will as criminal behavior can be inherited; that there are people who are â€Å"criminal type† of persons; that criminals are physiologically different if compared to the non-criminals; that these criminals have observable physical

Managing small business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Managing small business - Essay Example Mama Mancini’s is a small, family run business. It was started way back in 1913 when Arturo Mancini set up an Italian restaurant in downtown Chicago, serving genuine home made sauces. Over the years, the popularity of the restaurant’s Italian sauces encouraged Bruno, the third generation Mancini, to start up a separate business in the manufacture of sauces. Although this is a small family owned business, in the past five years the popularity of their sauces has spread and they have expanded their operations in the greater Chicago area, with their sales doubling over a five year period. Whereas the business was running at a loss five years ago, the break even point was reached during the third year. The company’s financial statement may be summarized as follows: The success of this small family owned business is largely due to good planning, the quality of their product and the identification of the niche market. To a great extent, the vision and planning of the owner Bruno Mancini has contributed to its success. This Paper focuses on the dynamics of owner-owned enterprises and the case of Mama Mancini’s was chosen because it is a typical example of a successful, family owned small business, which are cropping up in increasing numbers all over the world. What classifies Mama Mancini’s as a family owned business? A family owned business is classified as such when family members own and operate the operations of the business. While researchers have put forth many definitions of family owned small businesses, there is general agreement that family involvement in ownership and management classifies the enterprise as a family owned business (Handler, 1989). Small business form an important part of the American economy and studies have identified 75% of all businesses in the United States as being are family owned enterprises (Greenwald, 1993). Other relevant studies have shown that family